{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we validate them in section  and conclude in section"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"one avenue of approach is to investigate the role of individual difference factors"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Aggregation and disease are observed if the number of glutamines in the expansion, n, exceeds a critical value, n C CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We developed a two-level machine learning approach that in the first level considers two different properties important for protein-protein binding derived from structural models of V3 and V3 sequences."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"specifically  we hypothesize that the judgments of those individuals high in this trait will be more influenced by previously presented anchors whereas those individuals low in this trait will be less influenced by the anchor"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"it may even impose physical risks"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"self-control-our capacity to overrule temptation-is no less complex than it is important"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Interpretation of some of these experiments has been helped by all-atom simulations, such as reported in refs. CITATION, CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"This rule has a specificity of more than 0.9, but only a low to moderate sensitivity of about 0.4 0.6, depending on the test data, which is not satisfactory for routine clinical application."}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"There is, however, missing information about how individual lipid molecule involving in the peptide aggregation process."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"these situations did not allow people to learn from past experiences or from feedback within the immediate competitive context"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The two surveys have been based on the structure download made on July 26, 2005 when the PDB comprised 29 385 entries."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Thus, the interaction  SYMBOL  gives good chance to go to  SYMBOL  because  SYMBOL  makes  SYMBOL  and  SYMBOL  closer (see Fig )"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"From a computational point of view, the largest relevant model class is the class of all computable models on some fixed universal Turing machine, precisely prefix machine  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"This phase precession mechanism creates a compressed theta coded firing pattern in place cells which corresponds to the sequence of place fields being traversed CITATION."}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"to our knowledge  the use of these algorithms in non independent and identically distributed   scenarios has not been previously supported by any theoretical analysis"}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"however  these demonstrations have been restricted primarily to laboratory surveys in which task of recalling examples then making an overall assessment may seem somewhat artificial to participants and the responses of little consequence"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Finally, in Section  we discuss the results and give conclusions"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We also illustrate the application of our  SYMBOL -mixing generalization bounds to general classes of learning algorithms, including Support Vector Regression (SVR)  CITATION , Kernel Ridge Regression  CITATION , and Support Vector Machines (SVMs)  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In the brain, the structure of neuronal circuits for processing sensory information matches the statistical properties of the sensory signals CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"A more flexible regressor can fit more data  SYMBOL  well than a more rigid one"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"SYMBOL and  SYMBOL are locally optimal and  SYMBOL  is globally optimal"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"hence  the survival of mobile species depends on their ability to balance costs and benefits induced by locomotion and this balancing should differ according to sex"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The present study therefore shows how the individual internal face features contribute to the psychophysically observed frequency preference, and proposes concrete mechanisms of how higher amplitudes of whitened cell responses at an early level could possibly lead to the psychophysically measured effects."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In T2DM, the main protein component of fibrillar protein deposits in the pancreatic islets of langerhans has been identified as a 37-residue hormone referred to as islet amyloid polypeptide or amylin CITATION, which is synthesized in -cells of the pancreas and cosecreted with insulin CITATION, CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"the violation of cancellation would be observed if the preference orderings were different between problem i and problem i"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The details of the conformational dynamics of polyQ and the length dependence of the dynamics are not well understood CITATION ."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"in addition  we couple predictive modeling  for factor regression  within the factor analysis framework itself  instead of having to model it separately"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Then, visual neurons would have equal sensitivities or response amplitudes independent of their spatial frequency preference CITATION."}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"Unfortunately, as suggested by its name, V3 is notorious for its high sequence variability CITATION including also some variability in length, and this has made it difficult to use it as a basis for genotypic co-receptor tropism testing."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Due to the metastable and short-lived nature of soluble pre-fibril oligomers at the early steps of fibril formation, experimental data are usually difficult to obtain CITATION, CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The present study therefore shows how the individual internal face features contribute to the psychophysically observed frequency preference, and proposes concrete mechanisms of how higher amplitudes of whitened cell responses at an early level could possibly lead to the psychophysically measured effects."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"examples include the sign-dependent utility model  CITATION , the rank- and sign-dependent utility model  CITATION , and the transfer of attention exchange model  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Although the Internet AS-level topology has been extensively studied over the past few years, little is known about the details of the AS taxonomy"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The stoichiometric information encoded in the reconstruction can be represented mathematically as a stoichiometric matrix, S, where the rows correspond to the components and the columns correspond to the reactions ."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"On average, it performs worse than FORMULA because the FORMULA contacts usually correspond to the weak van der Waals couplings as can be demonstrated in a sample of proteins by using a software CITATION which analyses atomic configurations from the chemical perspective on molecular bonds."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"consequently, we expected that, even though participants might reveal a robust sce at round 1 prior to any feedback or observations regarding their competitor, they would show a pronounced learning effect after the feedback and observations of round 1"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"However, in patients with previous regimen failure requiring salvage therapy, response rates are usually considerably lower CITATION CITATION, and it is frequently not possible to assemble a three-drug regimen with uncompromised activity against all viral strains present."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Subsequent research has identified similar single cell responses to a variety of non-spatial cues including odour CITATION, complex visual images CITATION, CITATION, CITATION, running speed CITATION and the concept of a bed or nest CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"these results add to the growing bodies of evidence showing that neither cpt nor ph is an accurate description of risky decision making"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"the sce was never eliminated, even after six rounds"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The hippocampus is also implicated in sequence learning, and temporally asymmetric plasticity rules have subsequently been employed in recurrent network models to generate hetero-associative connections between neurons that fire with repeated temporal correlation CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"the main goal of the paper is to establish a criterion for selecting the   best   model complexity   % based on regressors   given as a black box without insight into the origin or inner structure of    % that does not depend on things often not given  like a stochastic noise model   % and that exploits what is given  like the loss function"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Moreover, functional protein modules were determined, and many were found to contain gene products from multiple subsystems, highlighting the functional interaction of these proteins."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Nevertheless, for consistency of terminology, we keep the term predictor"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"specifically  we are interested in how individual differences in the personality trait of openness-to-experience influences anchoring effects"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"taken together  the literature seems to indicate that the key to understanding the evolution of behavioral sex differences relies on the relative costs and benefits of producing offspring  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"that is, va = sigma  ux ft"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Factor analysis is the task of explaining data by means of a set of  latent factors"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"also, knowing that one's competitor struggled on a difficult category does not provide obvious information about why he or she might struggle on another difficult category"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"when judging their likelihood of success in competitive tasks, people tend to be overoptimistic for easy tasks and overpessimistic for hard tasks the shared circumstance effect; sce"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The continuous variety of defensive forecasting was essentially introduced by Levin  CITATION , but was later rediscovered by Kakade and Foster  CITATION  and Takemura  et al CITATION"}
{"class.text":"BASE","text":"for our analysis of stationary   mixing sequences  we make use of a generalized version of mcdiarmid s inequality  CITATION  that holds for   mixing sequences"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"In Section  we derive explicit expressions for the loss rank for the important class of linear regressors, which includes kNN, polynomial, linear basis function (LBFR), Kernel, and projective regression"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In these patients, treatment success rates, defined as viral load 50 copies/ml at 48 wk, range from 70 percent to 80 percent 85 percent."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"in contrast, the transfer of attention exchange model tax and a similarity model predict that people will reverse preferences in the opposite direction"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"for example, research on cognitive biases associated with egocentric perceptions suggests that negotiators and evaluators of negotiated agreements are likely to exhibit a \"fixed-pie bias\"  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"This model is denoted by FORMULA which stands for, respectively, the Lennard-Jones native contact potentials, local backbone stiffness represented by harmonic terms that favor the native values of local chiralities, the contact map in which there are no FORMULA contacts, and the amplitude of the Lennard-Jones potential, FORMULA, is uniform."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we conclude that subtle cues might prove sufficient to alter individuals' perception of allocation opportunities, thereby prompting individuals to draw on their own cognitive resources to act pro-socially"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Clustering algorithms in most cases give ``almost'' globally optimal solutions like  SYMBOL  and  SYMBOL , where the majority of data points are well-clustered, but some of them are not"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"on the basis of the prospect theory value function, this paper develops two approaches to reducing perceived disutility by directing the decision maker's attention to either actual past or expected future losses that can serve as reference points and are not consequences of the test itself"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"For example, channel-like annular structures of oligomers of several amyloidogenic peptides have been observed on the lipid membrane CITATION, CITATION, and have been studied by molecular dynamics simulations as well CITATION, CITATION."}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"No computational model has thus far integrated auto- and hetero- associative learning in order to simultaneously generate both bi-directional and asymmetric connections between neurons that are active at the same and successive theta phases respectively using a single temporally asymmetric synaptic plasticity rule."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The approach could help clinicians to find optimal personalized treatments, and it offers new insights into the molecular basis of co-receptor usage."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"A derived QA algorithm depends on the definition of quantum effect  SYMBOL"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Fig is just an example"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"the fifth factor is often labeled openness-to-experience  which refers to a propensity to adjust beliefs and behaviors when exposed to new types of information or ideas  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"the randomized variety was introduced  in the case of von mises s version of the game theoretic approach to probability  by foster and vohra  CITATION  and further developed by  among others  sandroni  et al    CITATION   these papers  however  were only concerned with asymptotic calibration"}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"No computational model has thus far integrated auto- and hetero- associative learning in order to simultaneously generate both bi-directional and asymmetric connections between neurons that are active at the same and successive theta phases respectively using a single temporally asymmetric synaptic plasticity rule."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"New types of potent force clamps are discovered."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"We have investigated whether it is possible to predict co-receptor usage accurately by analyzing the amino acid sequence of the main determinant of co-receptor usage, i.e., the third variable loop V3 of the gp120 protein."}
{"class.text":"BASE","text":"Although our method, detailed in the following, relies on the same experimental structure by Huang et al. CITATION, it differs from that of Sander et al. in several respects, e.g. it deals with indels, and, perhaps most crucially, it uses as descriptors properties that directly determine interaction of V3 with the co-receptors."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"If the class  SYMBOL  is not too large, e g the polynomials of fixed reasonable degree  SYMBOL , this often works well"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Disease age of onset is correlated with the polyQ insert length above a critical value of 35 40 glutamines."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we successfully classify  NUMBER   NUMBER  percent  of ases with expected accuracy of  NUMBER   NUMBER  percent"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Architectures and folds which are likely to yield large forces are identified."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"brandstatter et al CITATION  concluded that the priority heuristic does not apply when there is a stochastic dominance relation in the choice"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"As we explain later, a naive QA sampler is intractable even with MCMC"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"low levels of punishment are observed only when neither emotion is elicited"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"further  attesting to the importance of individual differences  levin and hart  CITATION  demonstrated that individual differences in preference appear to originate at a very early age"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"therefore, one strategy for investigating whether the problem of pro-social versus selfish behavior resembles one of self-control is to test whether the tendency to apply self-control strategies is positively associated with pro-social behavior when individuals have identified self-control conflict, but less so or not at all when individuals have not"}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"examples include the sign-dependent utility model  CITATION , the rank- and sign-dependent utility model  CITATION , and the transfer of attention exchange model  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"this change in judgment  which is based upon external cues  seems particularly relevant and related to the openness-to-experience personality trait"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"in the case where   is finite  it is shown that forecaster can choose his randomized forecasts concentrated on a finite set of cardinality at most"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"according to tversky and kahneman's  CITATION  availability heuristic  people sometimes judge the frequency of events in the world by the ease with which examples come to mind"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"evolutionary mechanisms could potentially account for sex differences in spatial behavior"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Importantly, IAPP from rodent species, such as rat/mouse IAPP lose capacities of aggregating into amyloid fibrils CITATION, but transgenic mouse models that express human IAPP develop islet deposits CITATION."}
{"class.text":"BASE","text":"Using a previously well-validated realistic model of a CA1 pyramidal neuron we demonstrate that stochastic ion channel gating influences spike output in response to dendritic synaptic input."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"moreover, curry et al CITATION  find in a standard public goods game that individuals' discount rates are negatively associated with their contributions to the public good"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"brandstatter et al consider ev ratio as a proxy for the \"difficulty\" of a choice, but do not necessarily hold that people actually compute ratios of ev"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The most crucial choice relates to making a decision about which interactions between amino acids count as native contacts."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"third-party punishment has recently received attention as an explanation for human altruism"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"For example, we expect the network of a dual-homed university to be drastically different from that of a dual-homed small company"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"specifically  as research has shown  the openness trait reflects individual propensities to  adjust  one's beliefs  CITATION  and to consider external information  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The appearance of polyglutamine -containing aggregates CITATION CITATION is a hallmark of disease progression in all diseases in which CAG-expansions occur in genes CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"applications of  s arise in the propositional logic  database and graph theory  scheduling and many other areas"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"however, in everyday contexts there are often opportunities to learn how a shared circumstance tends to affect the self, others, and outcomes"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"sanctioning of norm-violations is vital for prosocial behavior to be sustained  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Our generalization bounds for stationary  SYMBOL -mixing sequences cover a more general non-iid scenario and use the standard McDiarmid's inequality, however, unlike the  SYMBOL -mixing case, the  SYMBOL -mixing bound presented here is not a purely exponential bound and contains an additive term depending on the mixing coefficient"}
{"class.text":"BASE","text":"At the beginning of the annealing process, QA-ST is almost the same as  SYMBOL  SAs"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Alternative splicing contributes to both gene regulation and protein diversity."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"CITATION  proved SA was able to find the global optimum with a slow cooling schedule of temperature  SYMBOL"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The accuracy of the method makes it attractive as clinical tool for patient tailored decisions on treatment with entry inhibitors, and it suggests that co-receptor tropism can be explained almost exclusively based on V3."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"arriving at similar results, fehr and leibbrandt  CITATION  report that patient vs impatient fishermen, whose time preferences were elicited in the lab, exhibited more cooperative behavior in a common resource problem and were in the field less likely to over-exploit the common pool resource"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In the minimum cost homomorphism problem ( SYMBOL ), we are given variables subject to constraints and, additionally, costs on variable/value pairs"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Note that in order to do MDL for continuous model classes, one needs to  discretize  the parameter space, see also  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"We make a more systematic identification of the CATH-classified architectures that are linked to mechanical strength and then analyze correlations of the data to the SCOP-based grouping CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"This is a formidable computational task and even relatively straightforward simulations of the consequences of stochastic channel gating can require substantial computing time."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"respondents who had been asked for  NUMBER  critical comments subsequently rated the course more favorably than respondents who had been asked for  NUMBER  critical comments"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"these and other results support a more positive view than suggested from past research on the potential for sces to be debiased through outcome feedback"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"There are two known varieties of defensive forecasting: ``continuous'', in which Sceptic's moves are assumed to depend on the forecasts in a (semi)continuous manner and which produces deterministic forecasts, and ``randomized'', in which the dependence of Sceptic's moves on the forecasts is arbitrary and Forecaster's moves are allowed to be randomized"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"For MDL predictions in the proper learning case, it has been shown  CITATION  that a bound of  SYMBOL  holds"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Section 7 introduces the concept of  arithmetical deadlocks  which lay the foundation for the final proof in Section 8"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"This means that pairs of luminance values are strongly correlated CITATION, and this property could be exploited for gain controlling of visual neurons."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"in some contexts, the question is almost trivial and identification of conflict virtually obvious"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"for example  internet service providers  isp  grow by attracting new customers and by engaging in business agreements with other isps"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"a large body of research finds that negotiators are susceptible to the fixed-pie bias prior to, during, and even after negotiations  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"however, punishing norm-violations is costly in terms of time and energy"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"this paper presents new tests that avoid those characteristics."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Most such trials have yielded higher failure rates in the treatment group than in controls receiving conventional therapy."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"nonetheless, one could imagine that even individuals of generally pro-social inclination on occasion may feel tempted to act selfishly and hence underreport income to the authorities"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"Our contribution is, 1) to propose a QA-based optimization algorithm for clustering, in particular quantum effect  SYMBOL  for clustering  and a good annealing schedule, which is crucial for applications, 2) and to experimentally show the proposed algorithm optimizes clustering assignments better than SA"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"for example, pronin et al CITATION  show that decisions about others resemble decisions about \"future selves\", both classes of which contrast to decisions about less abstract \"present selves\""}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"this belief is a \"bias\" when it persists even in contexts where there is a possibility of compatible interests or mutual benefit"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"A range of human diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, the spongiform encephalopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with amyloid deposits of normally soluble proteins or peptides CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"brandstatter et al CITATION  replicated part of that study and their results confirmed that the priority heuristic reproduced fewer than half of the modal choices that they chose for replication  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"But, a less apparent time dependency may affect data sampled in many other tasks as well"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"a minor difference is that the existing models of intertemporal choice are relatively underdeveloped and are less flexible in dealing with empirical challenges"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Section  treats the universal setup"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"and, similarly, the fashionista might feel conflicted between the temptation to purchase new boots and her better judgment to maintain a responsible budget"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"On average, it performs worse than FORMULA because the FORMULA contacts usually correspond to the weak van der Waals couplings as can be demonstrated in a sample of proteins by using a software CITATION which analyses atomic configurations from the chemical perspective on molecular bonds."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Since stoichiometric relationships are a common requisite for any type of mechanistic modeling, organism-specific BiGG knowledge bases can be used as templates to derive problem-specific, mechanistic models."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"for example, the priority heuristic predicted fewer than half of the modal choices analyzed by birnbaum  CITATION , by birnbaum  CITATION , and by birnbaum and navarrete  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Although this scaling seems heavy, the large benefit of the approach is that it does not require selection of basic clusters or underlying  tree-structures, since it takes into account the effect of all loops that contribute to nontrivial correlations in the cavity distribution at once"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"To investigate the phenomenon of dual coding in the hippocampus, we examine a spiking recurrent network model with theta coded neural dynamics and an STDP rule that mediates rate-coded Hebbian learning when pre- and post-synaptic firing is stochastic."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Let  SYMBOL  be the (best) regressor of complexity  SYMBOL  on data  SYMBOL"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"participants rated themselves as more assertive after they had listed  NUMBER  examples of assertive behavior a relatively easy task rather than  NUMBER  examples a relatively difficult task  similarly  they rated themselves as less assertive i e   more unassertive after they had listed  NUMBER  rather than  NUMBER  examples of unassertive behavior"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Our factor regression model is fundamentally nonparametric"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"moreover, depleted responders were more likely to reject offers that were unfair to themselves-they exhibited \"altruistic punishment\""}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"with the aid of algebraic techniques  we classify the computational complexity of   for all choices of"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"thus far  questions of discriminant validity have mainly focused on the correlation between teaching ratings and apparently irrelevant factors such as the students' expected grades or the course workload"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"several public health intervention studies have examined message framing and generally found evidence favoring the predictions  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Doing so permits to precisely elucidate how the frequency dependence of Gabor responses is related to each of the four internal face features."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"when resources are at a premium, it is optimal to enter into competitive environments in which we are certain to fare well and to avoid those in which we are doomed to fail"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In addition, several related but distinct genes produce proteins that bind the same or overlapping sets of sequences; for example, Fox-1 and RBM9 each bind UGCAUG CITATION, CITATION, and the branchpoint binding protein SF1 and the protein quaking each bind UACUAAC-like motifs CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"in this paper we just scratch at the surface of lorp"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"SYMBOL  is related to many well-studied combinatorial optimization problems, and concrete applications can be found in, for instance, defence logistics and machine learning"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In many machine learning applications, this assumption, however, does not hold; in fact, the iid assumption is not tested or derived from any data analysis"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The second level combines the two predictions of the first level."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"A subset of these exons is associated with unusual blocks of intron sequence whose conservation in vertebrates rivals that of protein-coding exons."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"statistical information that faithfully characterizes different as types is on the critical path toward understanding the structure of the internet  as well as for modeling its topology and growth"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"the key observation we exploit is that large classes   or more flexible regressors   can fit more data   well than more rigid ones  e g   many   can be fit well with high order polynomials"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"This implies a small bound (comparable to the one for Bayes mixtures) for certain important model classes"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"then  we employ a novel machine learning technique to build a classification algorithm that exploits these differences to classify ases into six representative classes that reflect ases with different network properties and infrastructures"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Algorithms such as support vector regression (SVR)  CITATION  have been used in the context of time series prediction in which the iid assumption does not hold, some with good experimental results  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The firing rate of single neurons in the mammalian hippocampus has been demonstrated to encode for a range of spatial and non-spatial stimuli."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Electrophysiology studies in a range of species have demonstrated that the activity of single pyramidal cells within this region can encode for the presence of both spatial and non-spatial stimuli CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"crockett et al CITATION  subjected responders to acute tryptophan depletion-a procedure that temporarily reduces serotonin levels in the brain and thereby impairs self-control  CITATION ; reduced serotonin levels raised rejection rates and this reduction is positively correlated with impulsive choice in a delay-discounting task  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In contrast, an instantaneous loss bound of  SYMBOL  implies only convergence in probability"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"CITATION  proved SA was able to find the global optimum with a slow cooling schedule of temperature  SYMBOL"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In fact,  CITATION  showed that their convergence analysis holds for a more general solver than SVMStruct namely BMRM (Bundle method for regularized risk minimization)"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Therefore, isolated polyQ peptides have been used as model systems for studying polyQ aggregation CITATION, CITATION, CITATION, and it is known that: The nuclear uptake of polyQ peptide aggregates prepared in vitro is cytotoxic in cell cultures CITATION, isolated polyQ peptides have in vitro aggregation properties similar to the corresponding full-length proteins containing the polyQ insert CITATION, CITATION, peptide aggregation follows a nucleated mechanism showing characteristic lag and growth phases CITATION, CITATION, and the glutamine tract-length dependence of the lag-time interval correlates well with the age of onset of disease CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The aggregates are known to have a characteristic amyloid topology CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In particular, (2) is motivated by the problem of prediction in the  ``large P small N''  paradigm  CITATION , where the number of features  SYMBOL  greatly exceeds the number of examples  SYMBOL , potentially resulting in overfitting"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"thus  a better clustering assignment can be constructed by picking up well clustered data points from many sub optimal clustering assignments"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The above ``loop correction''  strategy is applicable in the class of models where a perturbative expansion around the Bethe approximation makes sense, i e , in models with large loops and relatively weak interactions"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The type of co-receptor used by the virus, the so-called co-receptor tropism, has a prognostic value, since patients with a CXCR4-tropic virus progress faster to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome compared to patients with a CCR5-tropic virus CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Furthermore, the encoding and reactivation of dual coded Hebbian phase sequences of activity in mutually exciting neuronal ensembles demonstrated here has been proposed as a general neural coding mechanism for cognitive processing CITATION, CITATION CITATION ."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The principal requirement  is that the magnitude of pair variable cumulants of cavity distributions is an order smaller than the  single variable cumulants, and third order cumulants are even smaller, etc"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"To investigate the phenomenon of dual coding in the hippocampus, we examine a spiking recurrent network model with theta coded neural dynamics and an STDP rule that mediates rate-coded Hebbian learning when pre- and post-synaptic firing is stochastic."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"we describe a violation of the law of diminishing marginal utility as well as an intertemporal version of the allais paradox"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"for example, many individuals voluntarily contribute to charity or to public goods e g , recycling, and they pay their taxes despite low likelihood of punishment for failing to do so"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"for participants, this enhances the appreciation that one's struggles are not primarily due to personal characteristics but to properties of the tossed objects; this would then be useful in mitigating egocentrism and sces, even when new objects are introduced"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"numerous theories have been developed by transforming the discount function to other forms, from one-parameter hyperbolic discounting  CITATION  to generalized hyperbolic discounting  CITATION , to proportional discounting  CITATION , and to quasi-hyperbolic discounting  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Of course, this dichotomy implies the dichotomy for directed graphs"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The hydrophobic interaction between lipid tails and residues at positions 23 25 is found to stabilize the ordered -sheet structure, indicating a catalysis role of lipid molecules in hIAPP20 29 self-assembly."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"In this context, all three contributions of our model still make sense: we do not know how many movie genres there are; some genres are closely related (romance to comedy versus to action); many movies may be spurious"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The analysis of exons that appear to be constitutive or alternative has led to the successful identification of many distinguishing features of alternatively spliced regions CITATION CITATION, even allowing their accurate prediction without cDNA evidence CITATION, CITATION, CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Additionally, it gives a  convergence speed , in the sense that errors of a certain magnitude cannot occur too often"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"We prove novel and distinct stability-based generalization bounds for stationary  SYMBOL -mixing and  SYMBOL -mixing sequences"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In many machine learning applications, however, this assumption does not hold"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Empirical data indicates that changes in the strength of synapses within the hippocampus can depend upon temporal correlations in pre- and post- synaptic firing according to a spike-timing dependent plasticity rule CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Hypothetically, this corresponds to the presence of either multiple stimuli or multiple overlapping place fields encountered at a single location CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"CONT--these","text":"approaches thus differ from message framing, which focuses on how the test outcomes are described and manipulates gain and loss framing"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"in this paper we formalize  discuss  and motivate lorp  study it for specific regression problems  in particular linear ones  and compare it to other model selection schemes"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"this model suggests that the discount rate is not dynamically consistent but that the rate is higher between the present and near future and lower between the near and far distant future"}
{"class.text":"BASE","text":"this leads to stability based generalization bounds with the standard exponential form"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we also expected that this learning would be generally transferable"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"This problem has the following two equivalent formulations: (1) to find an assignment of values to a given set of variables, subject to constraints on the values that can be assigned simultaneously to specified subsets of variables, and (2) to find a homomorphism between two finite relational structures  SYMBOL  and  SYMBOL"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"people often defend the interests of others"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"in that context spatial skills play a crucial role since they increase reproductive success and the accessibility to food resource but  at the same time  multiply the risks of getting lost  being killed or consumed by other animals predation"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"an as taxonomy is also necessary for mapping ip addresses to different types of users"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We derive macroscopic statistics on the different types of ASes in the Internet and validate our results using a sample of~1200 manually identified AS types"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"that is, participants who viewed the calendar without the grid, more likely than those who viewed the calendar with, identified self-control conflict and therefore leveraged their self-control strategies to resist the tempting chips"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"the well-known allais paradox contradicts the fundamental postulates of maximizing the expected value or utility of a risky option"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we manipulated the likelihood that individuals would identify self-control conflict, and we measured their trait ability to implement self-control strategies"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"in section   we introduce the necessary definitions for the non independent and identically distributed   problems that we are considering and discuss the learning scenarios in that context"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"To our knowledge, the first of these methods has been that of Sander et al. CITATION, which was mainly based on geometric distances of amino-acid pairs within the structure of V3."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Let  SYMBOL  denote samples and  SYMBOL  be the corresponding labels"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"However, in patients with previous regimen failure requiring salvage therapy, response rates are usually considerably lower CITATION CITATION, and it is frequently not possible to assemble a three-drug regimen with uncompromised activity against all viral strains present."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Failure typically occurs during maintenance therapy, and has been attributed to poor regimen adherence CITATION and recrudescence of resistance mutations present before institution of induction therapy CITATION."}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"Unlike most penalized maximum likelihood variants (AIC,BIC,MDL), LoRP only depends on the regression functions and the loss function"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"A prior weight may then be defined by  SYMBOL"}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"While differences in morphology define neuronal cell types and may underlie neurological disorders, very little is known about influences of stochastic ion channel gating in neurons with complex morphology."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"although the functional forms differ, most theories assume a maximization principle; that is, people calculate the mathematical expectation of each outcome and add them together before choosing the option that maximizes overall value or utility"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"The main goal of the paper is to establish a criterion for selecting the ``best'' model complexity  SYMBOL based on regressors  SYMBOL  given as a black box without insight into the origin or inner structure of  SYMBOL , that does not depend on things often not given (like a stochastic noise model),  and that exploits what is given (like the loss function)"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The 190 structures with the top values of FORMULA in units of FORMULA are shown in Table 1 and Table S1 of the SI, together with the values of titin and ubiquitin to provide a scale."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"the game thus pits pro-social motivations against self-interest"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"on the basis of the prospect theory value function, this paper develops two approaches to reducing disutility by directing the decision maker's attention to either actual past or expected future losses that result in shifted reference points"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"All network reactions were formulated to account for gene-specific and E. coli-specific details, such as nucleotide composition, operon association, and sigma factor usage."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Thus far, there are only a handful of splicing regulators whose corresponding RNA binding motifs have been identified, whereas there may be many splicing regulators among the hundreds of RNA binding proteins encoded by the mouse genome."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"These results suggest that the consequences of stochastic ion channel gating differ globally between neuronal cell-types and locally between neuronal compartments."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"After conversion of the E-matrix reconstruction into condition-specific models corresponding to different doubling times, we were able to accurately predict the ribosome production reported in literature, without any parameterization."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"See eg CITATION  for a comparison of cross-validation with Bayesian model selection"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"achtziger et al CITATION  subjected players in an ultimatum game to cognitive resource depletion, and show that depleted proposers made lower offers-they became less altruistic"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"the arguments of brandstatter et al CITATION  might also provide excuses for previous failures of cpt as well"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"hence  the survival of mobile species depends on their ability to balance costs and benefits induced by locomotion and this balancing should differ according to sex"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"lured by temptation, individuals may find themselves acting against their better judgment"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Each model has a natural description length, namely the length of the corresponding program"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"in the field of intertemporal choice, the discounted-utility du theory proposed by paul samuelson in 1937 was presented not only as a valid normative standard but also as a descriptive theory of actual intertemporal choice behavior  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Thus, the psychophysically observed human frequency bias for face processing seems to be specifically caused by the intrinsic spatial frequency content of internal face features."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"in this paper  we approach the problem in its most general form by algebraic methods and give a complete algebraic characterization of tractable constraint languages"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The loss rank is large for regressors fitting  SYMBOL  not well  and  for too flexible regressors (in both cases the regressor fits many other  SYMBOL  better)"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"in contrast, the transfer of attention exchange model tax and a similarity model predict that people will reverse preferences in the opposite direction"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The description length  SYMBOL  of a parameter  SYMBOL  is then given by the length of its shortest program"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Subsequent superthreshold stimulation of a small number of simulated neurons generates putative recall activity, driven by recurrent excitation, that corresponds to pattern completion and/or sequence prediction in auto- and/or hetero- associative connections respectively."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we conclude that subtle cues might prove sufficient to alter individuals' perception of allocation opportunities, thereby prompting individuals to draw on their own cognitive resources to act pro-socially"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"These findings have led to the hypothesis that the hippocampus operates using a dual rate and temporal coding system CITATION, CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"moreover, results from a study by moore and cain  CITATION , which also used repeated plays with feedback, suggest an even bleaker view"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"In particular, modern MDL  CITATION  has sound exact foundations and works very well in practice"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"some even come to the aid of a stranger who is being physically harassed, in spite of obvious personal danger"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The first and perhaps the best known solver is SVMStruct  CITATION , which was shown to converge in  SYMBOL  iterations to an  SYMBOL  accurate solution"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The proposed algorithm actually finds  SYMBOL  from  SYMBOL  and  SYMBOL"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"Here we present a spiking neural network model which utilises a dual coding system in order to encode and recall both symmetric and asymmetric connections between neurons that exhibit repeated synchronous and asynchronous firing patterns respectively."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Stretching studies of proteins CITATION are of a particular current interest and they have been performed for under a hundred of systems."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"On the other hand, if one were to look for mechanically strong proteins then the architectures and folds identified by us should provide a good starting point."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"a fundamental aspect of the anchoring effect is that individuals are sensitive to information which they have experienced"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Using RT-PCR, we show that this method has a true-positive rate of 85 percent."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"in general, people retaliate against injustice even if they are not directly victimized"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"For shorter induction periods, we find that it is optimal to use a delayed-induction regimen administered several days to weeks after the start of the intended long-term maintenance therapy."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Importantly, IAPP from rodent species, such as rat/mouse IAPP lose capacities of aggregating into amyloid fibrils CITATION, but transgenic mouse models that express human IAPP develop islet deposits CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"They were able to carry out two series of 100 Monte Carlo simulations on 20 copies of two fragments A 16 22 and A 25 35."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"the continuous variety of defensive forecasting was essentially introduced by levin  CITATION   but was later rediscovered by kakade and foster  CITATION  and takemura  et al    CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We derive the loop corrected belief propagation equations  for simple tractable Gaussian models,  yielding a message passing scheme that, besides the correct average marginals, also yields the correct variances"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Other findings include establishing correlations with the CATH hierarchical classification scheme CITATION, CITATION, such as that there are no strong FORMULA proteins, and identification of several types of the force clamps."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"an option a will be preferred to an option b if and only if va  greater than  vb"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"New types of potent force clamps are discovered."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Architectures and folds which are likely to yield large forces are identified."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"the results demonstrate that israelis are more likely to support agreements that are seen favorably by other israelis, but - contrary to fixed-pie predictions - israeli support for the accords does not diminish simply because a majority of palestinians favors rather than opposes the accords"}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"more important  most participants in previous studies presumably had little prior experience with the particular likert scale that served as the dependent measure e g   most had never before rated their childhood or public transportation on a  NUMBER -point scale"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Most studies so far treated the lipid bilayer as a template to exert its influences on the conformation and aggregation properties of peptides CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Binary Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are a prototypical example of such regularized risk minimization problems where  SYMBOL  and the loss considered is the binary hinge loss:"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Peptides of subcritical lengths have long lag times of aggregation and a corresponding age of onset later than the typical life span of a person."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"and, similarly, the fashionista might feel conflicted between the temptation to purchase new boots and her better judgment to maintain a responsible budget"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Even though BMRM solves an expensive optimization problem at every iteration, the convergence analysis only uses a simple one-dimensional line search to bound the decrease in  SYMBOL"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Stochastic opening and closing of ion channels causes noisy fluctuations in the current or voltage recorded from a neuron CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"However, heuristics based on the strategy allow for other good algorithms  performing well outside these parameter regimes  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The proof of Theorem  is obtained from the proof of Theorem  by blurring Sceptic's moves"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"In Section  we compare linear LoRP to Bayesian model selection for linear regression with Gaussian noise and prior, and in Section  to PML, in particular MDL, BIC, AIC, and MacKay's  CITATION  and Hastie's et al  CITATION  trace formulas for the effective dimension"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Furthermore, we used information from three databases and more than 500 scientific publications to formulate mechanistically detailed and accurate reactions."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"however, in everyday contexts there are often opportunities to learn how a shared circumstance tends to affect the self, others, and outcomes"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"This phase precession mechanism creates a compressed theta coded firing pattern in place cells which corresponds to the sequence of place fields being traversed CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"This reconstruction represents the most comprehensive knowledge base for these important cellular functions in E. coli and is unique in its scope."}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"however, birnbaum  CITATION  noted that ev ratios in birnbaum and navarrete  CITATION  had been inside the region where ph is supposed to apply; in that study, the priority heuristic failed to reproduce even half of the modal choices correctly"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"They observed early-stage events and obtained an atomic-detailed description of nucleated conformational conversion CITATION model for amyloid aggregation."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The accuracy of the method makes it attractive as clinical tool for patient tailored decisions on treatment with entry inhibitors, and it suggests that co-receptor tropism can be explained almost exclusively based on V3."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we derive macroscopic statistics on the different types of ases in the internet and validate our results using a sample of  NUMBER  manually identified as types"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"a recent analysis has shown that the local update equations of bp may be interpreted as the zero order term of an expansion in   cavity connected correlations"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"we describe a violation of the law of diminishing marginal utility as well as an intertemporal version of the allais paradox"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Clearly, prices of different stocks on the same day, or of the same stock on different days, may be dependent"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"in these tests, one alternative does not stochastically dominate the other, there are no common probability-consequence branches, probabilities of the consequences are not equal, and expected values are nearly equal"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"For each RNA isoform, the intensities of the isoform-specific junction probes were examined across tissues using the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"from the data, brandstatter et al CITATION  estimated that, when the ratio of ev exceeds 2, people act as if they choose the gamble with the higher ev"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Statistical comparisons identify 171 cassette exons whose inclusion or skipping is different in brain relative to other tissues and another 28 exons whose splicing is different in muscle."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"given an as taxonomy  its possible to realize this goal by checking the type of as that originates the prefix in which an ip address lies"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"indeed, participants who viewed the gridded calendar reported experiencing less conflict during their decision to have chips or not than did those who viewed the non-gridded calendar"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Adding to this complexity is the tendency for the mRNAs of RNA binding proteins to be alternatively spliced, leading to multiple RNA binding protein isoforms with potentially different functions."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"however, in this paper, we suggest that competitive situations, in which the shared difficulty or easiness of the task is more transparent, will be more amenable to debiasing via repeated play"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In addition, alternative splicing can mediate the repression of gene expression by stimulating the formation of transcripts subject to nonsense-mediated decay CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"as we explain later  a naive qa sampler is intractable even with mcmc"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"For induction regimens of more limited duration, a delayed-induction or -intensification period initiated sometime after the start of maintenance therapy appears to be optimal."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"They involve disulphide bridges and, in particular, cysteine slipknots."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In many cases, multiple RNA binding proteins combine to create repressing and activating influences that produce patterns of splicing control CITATION, CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"An important example is classification"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"on the other hand  the small company will most probably have a single router and a simple network topology"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"in females  however  spatial cognition would have been primarily shaped by the natural selection of a strong concern for survival both of self and of offspring"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"hence  the survival of mobile species depends on their ability to balance costs and benefits induced by locomotion and this balancing should differ according to sex"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We identify the CATH-based architectures and SCOP-based folds that are associated with the occurrence of a strong resistance to pulling."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"however  clustering is typically np hard"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We have also developed an interactive tool for visualization and development of models of neurons containing uniquely located ion channels."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"the magnitude of the effect is of economic significance"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The proteins selected have no gaps in their structure determination and consist of no more than 250 amino acids."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Clustering is one of the most popular methods in data mining"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The proteins are ranked according to the strength of the resistance."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"further, we explore the conditions under which we expect an association between self-control and pro-social behavior"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"numerous theories have been developed by transforming the discount function to other forms, from one-parameter hyperbolic discounting  CITATION  to generalized hyperbolic discounting  CITATION , to proportional discounting  CITATION , and to quasi-hyperbolic discounting  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"All of the experimental and all-atom simulational studies address merely a tiny fraction of proteins that are stored in the Protein Data Bank CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"These measures characterize a class of hypotheses, independently of any algorithm"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Thus it appears worthwhile to consider a large set of proteins and determine their FORMULA within an approximate model that allows for fast and yet reasonably accurate calculations."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we do not actually think qa intuitively helps clustering  but we apply qa to clustering just as procedure to derive an algorithm"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Unaggregated polyQ peptides form random coil structures, whereas aggregates are composed of amyloid-like -strands CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"a large body of research finds that negotiators are susceptible to the fixed-pie bias prior to, during, and even after negotiations  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 uses for entry into host cells a receptor and one of two co-receptors."}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"It works without a stochastic noise model, and is directly applicable to any non-parametric regressor, like kNN"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"If they do, a contact is declared as native."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Training set based model selection methods allow using all data  SYMBOL  for regression"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"if viewed in relation to future decisions, the question of how much to donate on a single occasion may have bearing on the decision maker's self-image; donating now-and in the future-indicates a generous character, whereas keeping the money for oneself does not"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"The purpose of the present study is to examine this property in greater detail and to specifically elucidate the implication of internal face features."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Importantly, previous computational models of hetero-associative learning have typically encoded each successive stage of a learned sequence with the activity of a single neuron, while empirical studies estimate that place fields are typically encoded by an ensemble of several hundred place cells CITATION, CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"section  introduces our classification approach and results"}
{"class.text":"MISC--in","text":"preventative health decisions, such as the decision to undergo an invasive screening test or treatment, people may be deterred from selecting the test because its perceived disutility relative to not testing is greater than the utility associated with prevention of possible disease"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"the fifth factor is often labeled openness-to-experience  which refers to a propensity to adjust beliefs and behaviors when exposed to new types of information or ideas  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"closest to our domain of inquiry, piovesan and wengstrom  CITATION  measured response times of participants in a repeated dictator game, lasting 24 periods"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The regularizer  SYMBOL  acts as a penalty on the complexity of the classifier and prevents overfitting"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"For MDL, in general one can only have loss bounds which are finite but exponentially larger than those for Bayes mixtures"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"punishing injustice is therefore considered to be a moral act, particularly when it is performed on behalf of others  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"Failure typically occurs during maintenance therapy, and has been attributed to poor regimen adherence CITATION and recrudescence of resistance mutations present before institution of induction therapy CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"the most prominent idea to account for these anomalies is the hyperbolic discounting model  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"the results demonstrate that israelis are more likely to support agreements that are seen favorably by other israelis, but - contrary to fixed-pie predictions - israeli support for the accords does not diminish simply because a majority of palestinians favors rather than opposes the accords"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"competition abounds in everyday life, where we contend with others for top grades, jobs, trophies, and mates"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"In this paper we derive the equations for Loop Corrected Belief Propagation on a continuous variable Gaussian model"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"This is clear in system diagnosis or time series prediction problems"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"sanctioning of norm-violations is vital for prosocial behavior to be sustained  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"taken together  these findings suggest that the impact of individual difference factors on decision-making is both profound and pervasive."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Unifying frameworks like the Region graphs of  CITATION   lead to general strategies for selecting the basic clusters underlying such approaches for general model classes"}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"While recent experimental work has provided considerable insights into polyQ aggregation, the molecular mechanism of aggregation is not well understood."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The results differ, particularly when it comes to ranking of the proteins according to the value of FORMULA, but they mutually provide the error bars on the findings."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Thus, network reconstruction serves as a platform for steady-state and kinetic modeling ."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"more important  most participants in previous studies presumably had little prior experience with the particular likert scale that served as the dependent measure e g   most had never before rated their childhood or public transportation on a  NUMBER -point scale"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"For instance, it quantifies the importance for co-receptor usage of a pocket that probably is responsible for binding sulfated tyrosine."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"But, a less apparent time dependency may affect data sampled in many other tasks as well"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"On the other hand, we will give mild conditions on the prior guaranteeing a small bound"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The four copies of amyloidogenic segment hIAPP20 29 and an extra dioleoylphosphatidylcholine lipid molecule were initially set in extended conformation and dispersed in simulation boxes."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Using RT-PCR, we show that this method has a true-positive rate of 85 percent."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"in so doing, we rely on two conditions necessary for successfully exercising restraint in the face of temptation; myrseth and fishbach  CITATION  propose a two-stage model of self-control, which postulates that an individual in the face of temptation first identifies conflict or not between indulging and pursuing a higher-order goal and, second, that the individual next employs self-control strategies if and only if conflict was identified at the first stage see figure 1"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"They both agree, however, on predicting that there are many proteins whose strength should be considerably larger than the frequently studied benchmark the sarcomere protein titin."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Another involves dragging of a single fragment of the main chain across a cysteine knot-loop."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"However, there are also clamps with antiparallel FORMULA, unstructured strands, and other kinds."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The acquirement of abundant intermediate states suggested two possible -sheet transition pathways."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Defensive forecasting is a method of transforming laws of probability (stated in game-theoretic terms as strategies for Sceptic) into forecasting algorithms"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"the graph in figure 2 displays donation, as a function of level of self-control, for two different levels of identification likelihood"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Importantly, previous computational models of hetero-associative learning have typically encoded each successive stage of a learned sequence with the activity of a single neuron, while empirical studies estimate that place fields are typically encoded by an ensemble of several hundred place cells CITATION, CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Then, visual neurons would have equal sensitivities or response amplitudes independent of their spatial frequency preference CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In these studies, simulations were usually started with randomly oriented, extended or random-coiled peptides which underwent ab initio folding to form -sheet oligomers."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Recently, the first drug that binds to CCR5, and thus inhibits productive binding of gp120, has been approved by regulatory authorities in several countries."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"is related to many well studied combinatorial optimization problems  and concrete applications can be found in  for instance  defence logistics and machine learning"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"third-party punishment has recently received attention as an explanation for human altruism"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"To make it applicable to real problems, we have to generalize it to continuous spaces and regularize infinite loss ranks"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Furthermore, the encoding and reactivation of dual coded Hebbian phase sequences of activity in mutually exciting neuronal ensembles demonstrated here has been proposed as a general neural coding mechanism for cognitive processing CITATION, CITATION CITATION ."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The large forces most commonly originate in parallel FORMULA that are sheared CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"These observations have implications for both the timing and the kinds of drugs selected for induction maintenance and therapy-intensification strategies."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In addition, several related but distinct genes produce proteins that bind the same or overlapping sets of sequences; for example, Fox-1 and RBM9 each bind UGCAUG CITATION, CITATION, and the branchpoint binding protein SF1 and the protein quaking each bind UACUAAC-like motifs CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"this process has generally been demonstrated by asking participants to assess the relative likelihood of two categories in which instances of the first category are more difficult to recall than instances of the second category  MISC despite the fact that instances of the first category are more common in the world"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"A new theoretical survey of proteins' resistance to constant speed stretching is performed for a set of 17 134 proteins as described by a structure-based model."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We define the loss rank of  SYMBOL  as the number of other (fictitious) data  SYMBOL  that are fitted better by  SYMBOL  than  SYMBOL  is fitted by  SYMBOL"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"If a string  SYMBOL  is generated by a Bernoulli distribution with computable parameter  SYMBOL , then with high probability the two-part complexity of  SYMBOL  with respect to the Bernoulli class does not exceed its algorithmic complexity by more than a constant, as shown by Vovk  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Experiments show the proposed QA algorithm finds better clustering assignments than SA"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The first survey also comes with many details of the methodology whereas the second just presents the outcomes."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"also, for a seventh round, participants were told there would be new categories"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The stoichiometric information encoded in the reconstruction can be represented mathematically as a stoichiometric matrix, S, where the rows correspond to the components and the columns correspond to the reactions ."}
{"class.text":"BASE","text":"in addition, the similarity model of rubinstein  CITATION  as modified by leland  CITATION  is also relevant to these studies, although these studies were not designed to test that model"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We have hypothesized that a longer period of a highly suppressive induction therapy that is appropriately timed relative to the start of maintenance therapy may allow minority resistant variants to decay below a stochastic extinction threshold, allowing for successful long-term treatment with simpler and better-tolerated regimens."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Accurate prediction of the co-receptor used by the virus in the patient is important as it allows for personalized selection of effective drugs and prognosis of disease progression."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"the present investigation overcomes these limitations through a  field study  of students evaluating a course"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The simulated annealing (SA)  CITATION  is a promising candidate"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In addition, alternative splicing can mediate the repression of gene expression by stimulating the formation of transcripts subject to nonsense-mediated decay CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Here, the aggregation of rIAPP20 29 segments is subjected to the same simulation condition as hIAPP20 29 to explore the non-amyloidogenic properties of the peptide and meanwhile to evaluate the simulation results as a negative control."}
{"class.text":"BASE","text":"QA-ST looks like parallel  SYMBOL  SAs with interaction  SYMBOL  (see Fig )"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In contrast, an instantaneous loss bound of  SYMBOL  implies only convergence in probability"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Nevertheless, the relevance of the quest has prompted many groups to develop models that link properties of V3 to co-receptor tropism."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"voss  CITATION  refers to the exploration process as the generation and testing of hypotheses concerning the object's meaning and potential use"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"A general observation, however, is that each such group of structures may also include examples of proteins that unravel easily."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"So for both, Bayes mixtures and MDL, convergence with probability one holds, while the convergence speed is exponentially worse for MDL compared to the Bayes mixture"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"unlike most penalized maximum likelihood variants  aic bic mdl   lorp only depends on the regression functions and the loss function"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"low levels of punishment are observed only when neither emotion is elicited"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Interpretation of some of these experiments has been helped by all-atom simulations, such as reported in refs. CITATION, CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we release to the community the as level topology dataset augmented with   NUMBER   the as taxonomy information and  NUMBER   the set of as attributes we used to classify ases"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"These findings have led to the hypothesis that the hippocampus operates using a dual coding system."}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"Still, prediction accuracies fall short of what seems reasonable for regular clinical use CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"since then, many new descriptive theories of risky choice have abandoned the maximization assumption  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we also illustrate the application of our   mixing generalization bounds to general classes of learning algorithms  including support vector regression  svr   CITATION   kernel ridge regression  CITATION   and support vector machines  svms   CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Interestingly, these neural dynamics are reminiscent of sharp wave ripple activity observed in vivo CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"for example  we expect the network of a dual homed university to be drastically different from that of a dual homed small company"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We named the mathematical representation of this reconstruction the Expression matrix, or E-matrix, since it encodes the expression of mRNA and proteins."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"our contribution is 1) to propose a qa based optimization algorithm for clustering in particular quantum effect for clustering and a good annealing schedule  which is crucial for applications 2) and to experimentally show the proposed algorithm optimizes clustering assignments better than sa"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"normative models of bargaining and negotiation suggest that if there is potential for mutual benefit, conflicting parties should be able to achieve it  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"To make it applicable to real problems, we have to generalize it to continuous spaces and regularize infinite loss ranks"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"we test in the context of a dictator game the proposition that individuals may experience a self-control conflict between the temptation to act selfishly and the better judgment to act pro-socially"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The NP-hardness results are collected in Section 4 followed by the building blocks for the tractability result: existence of majority polymorphisms (Section 5) and connections with optimization in perfect graphs (Section 6)"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"In addition to the types of force clamps identified before, we have discovered two new mechanisms of sturdiness."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Filter responses to a large number of face images were computed, aligned for internal face features, and response-equalized."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Lemmata for this quantity are stated in Section"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"table 1 illustrates an example of the multiple-dated outcomes problem, which would be used to test the cancellation axiom"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Even though BMRM solves an expensive optimization problem at every iteration, the convergence analysis only uses a simple one-dimensional line search to bound the decrease in  SYMBOL"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"they find both across and within participants that lower response times are associated with more selfish choices"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Also, in silico rRNA operon deletion suggested that a high RNA polymerase density on the remaining rRNA operons is needed to reproduce the reported experimental ribosome numbers."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"This phase precession mechanism creates a compressed theta coded firing pattern in place cells which corresponds to the sequence of place fields being traversed CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"participants rated themselves as more assertive after they had listed  NUMBER  examples of assertive behavior a relatively easy task rather than  NUMBER  examples a relatively difficult task  similarly  they rated themselves as less assertive i e   more unassertive after they had listed  NUMBER  rather than  NUMBER  examples of unassertive behavior"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The latent factor representation achieves two-fold benefits: (1) discovering the latent  process  underlying the data; (2) simpler predictive modeling through a compact data representation"}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"however  our model is more general"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"in the case of trivia, watching one's competitor fail to answer trivia questions doesn't give any insight about why the category is difficult for that person"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Fig is an example where data points are grouped into four clusters"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Empirical data indicates that changes in the strength of synapses within the hippocampus can depend upon temporal correlations in pre- and post- synaptic firing according to a spike-timing dependent plasticity rule CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Hence, these reconstructions can be thought of as biochemically, genetically, and genomically structured knowledge bases CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"While the COBRA approach has been successfully applied to metabolic networks, the same principles and assumptions can be also employed to reconstruct and model other cellular functions, such as signaling CITATION CITATION, regulation CITATION, and protein synthesis CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"that is, more \"impatient\" individuals contributed less to the public good than did \"patient\" ones"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"specifically  we hypothesize that the judgments of those individuals high in this trait will be more influenced by previously presented anchors whereas those individuals low in this trait will be less influenced by the anchor"}
{"class.text":"BASE","text":"To accomplish this, we propose a sparse variant of the Indian Buffet Process and couple this with a hierarchical model over factors, based on Kingman's coalescent"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"this means that for a given level of self-control, one might observe substantially different donation behavior depending on whether conflict was identified or not"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The recent application of microarray technology to questions of splicing and splicing regulation promises to reveal parallel connections between many splicing events and specific biological or experimental conditions CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Many Machine Learning tasks are or can be reduced to sequence prediction tasks"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Such studies are performed to assess structure of the biomolecules, their elastic properties, and ability to act as nanomachines in a cell."}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"First, typical central neurons express large numbers of ion channels and simulations must be repeated many times to obtain statistically valid descriptions CITATION."}
{"class.text":"BASE","text":"The present article builds upon previously reported results for whitened amplitude spectra of face images CITATION : the whitened spectra reveal a spatial frequency maximum at 10 15 cycles per face, but only if external face features are suppressed."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"if something  here small loss  is easy to achieve it s typically worth less"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"these findings were consistent across two different types of anchoring tasks providing convergent evidence for our hypothesis"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Application of this criterion frequently selects the FORMULA contacts as native."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"training set based model selection methods allow using all data   for regression"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In many cases, an important quality measure is the  total  or cumulative  expected loss  of a predictor"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"however, birnbaum  CITATION  noted that ev ratios in birnbaum and navarrete  CITATION  had been inside the region where ph is supposed to apply; in that study, the priority heuristic failed to reproduce even half of the modal choices correctly"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"In Section , we give an upper bound on the instantaneous and the cumulative losses"}
{"class.text":"BASE","text":"Using a very old result of Nesterov  CITATION  we obtain an algorithm for SVMs which only requires  SYMBOL  iterations to converge to an  SYMBOL  accurate solution; each iteration of the algorithm requires  SYMBOL  work"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"the proof of theorem  is obtained from the proof of theorem  by blurring sceptic s moves"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"In a set of 22 adult tissues, we observe differential expression of RNA containing at least two alternative splice junctions for about 40 percent of the 6,216 alternative events we could detect."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"However, clustering is typically NP-hard"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"myrseth and fishbach  CITATION  show that subtle framing manipulations are sufficient to influence identification of self-control conflict in the face of epsilon cost temptation"}
{"class.text":"BASE","text":"In this study, we extended and refined earlier work by Allen et al., which proposed a stoichiometric formalism to model protein synthesis and illustrated it on some E. coli genes and operons CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Section  treats the universal setup"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"A novel mechanism for single -strand to surmount unnatural registry without dissociation, referred to as reptation was proposed before experimental characterization CITATION."}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"a minor difference is that the existing models of intertemporal choice are relatively underdeveloped and are less flexible in dealing with empirical challenges"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"brandstatter et al CITATION  replicated part of that study and their results confirmed that the priority heuristic reproduced fewer than half of the modal choices that they chose for replication  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In contrast, the notion of algorithmic stability can be used to derive bounds that are tailored to specific learning algorithms and exploit their particular properties"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Near the top of the list, there is the scaffoldin protein c7A which has been recently measured to have FORMULA of about 480 pN CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"It is eg  SYMBOL  if we additionally assume that the error is monotonically decreasing, which is not necessarily true in general)"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"In this paper we apply the idea to graphical models for continuous variables"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"It is therefore natural to ask if there are model classes where the cumulative loss of MDL is comparable to that of Bayes mixture predictions"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"for example, research on risky decision making does not treat risky choice as limited to pure gains or pure losses but has been extended to include mixed outcomes involving both gains and losses"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"A recently conducted theoretical study by the author suggests that this frequency preference reflects an adaptation of the brain's face processing machinery to this specific stimulus class."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We developed a two-level machine learning approach that in the first level considers two different properties important for protein-protein binding derived from structural models of V3 and V3 sequences."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We identify the CATH-based architectures and SCOP-based folds that are associated with the occurrence of a strong resistance to pulling."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"this prior explains the fact that pathways are fundamentally related  some are involved in transcription  some in signaling  some in synthesis"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Our main tool for obtaining results is the Kullback-Leibler divergence"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Most of the predicted top-strength proteins have not yet been studied experimentally."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"however, unlike past research, we used a competition in which the difficulty of the shared circumstance relative to competitions, for example, involving easy and hard trivia categories is more transparently shared"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"To improve predictions from sequence, several groups have applied machine learning methods, such as artificial neural networks CITATION, position specific scoring matrices CITATION, decision trees, or support vector machines CITATION."}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"Moreover, in these early studies, the induction phase only lasted between 3 to 6 mo, which may be insufficient."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"that is, participants who viewed the calendar without the grid, more likely than those who viewed the calendar with, identified self-control conflict and therefore leveraged their self-control strategies to resist the tempting chips"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Differences in morphology determine how neurons respond to synaptic input and are sufficient to produce distinct patterns of spontaneous activity CITATION and degrees of action potential back-propagation from the soma into the dendrites CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"one avenue of approach is to investigate the role of individual difference factors"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Our results provide a molecular mechanism for polyQ-mediated aggregation."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"the purpose of the current study is to investigate how one individual difference factor may influence the strength of the anchoring effect"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"normative models of bargaining and negotiation suggest that if there is potential for mutual benefit, conflicting parties should be able to achieve it  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We have also developed an interactive tool for visualization and development of models of neurons containing uniquely located ion channels."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"during the past  NUMBER  years    and its subproblems has been intensively studied by computer scientists and mathematicians"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"for a review of this literature see schwarz  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"ph was not accurate for such choices, so brandstatter, et al CITATION  theorized that people use a \"toting up\" heuristic for choices in which two branches had the same probability"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"self-control-our capacity to overrule temptation-is no less complex than it is important"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"These impediments to the wide application of entry inhibitors could be overcome by an approach similar to genotypic drug resistance testing CITATION, where drug resistance of a viral strain is inferred from comparison of mutational patterns obtained from sequencing parts of the genome of that strain with patterns of validated resistance mutations."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"We have investigated whether it is possible to predict co-receptor usage accurately by analyzing the amino acid sequence of the main determinant of co-receptor usage, i.e., the third variable loop V3 of the gp120 protein."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"For example, channel-like annular structures of oligomers of several amyloidogenic peptides have been observed on the lipid membrane CITATION, CITATION, and have been studied by molecular dynamics simulations as well CITATION, CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"the exploration task was followed by a visual discrimination task  and the responses were analyzed using signal detection theory"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"such focusing would have enabled secure navigation based on detailed landmark encoding  as well as  in certain species  regular feeding based on remembering the exact locations of potential resources  p  NUMBER"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"o'donoghue and loewenstein  CITATION  argue that such selfish urges may conflict with the \"colder\", more abstract preferences for altruism, as visceral urges for sweets may conflict with more abstract preferences for a fine figure or good health"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"a great deal of research has supported this model's validity and reliability  CITATION."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"specifically  we are interested in how individual differences in the personality trait of openness-to-experience influences anchoring effects"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we define the  loss rank  of   as the number of other  fictitious  data   that are fitted better by   than   is fitted by    as measured by some loss function"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"factor  regression  couples this analysis with a prediction task  where the predictions are made solely on the basis of the factor representation"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"We call this the  universal setup : Given a universal Turing machine, the related class of Bernoulli distributions is isomorphic to the countable set of computable reals in  SYMBOL"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"in addition, brandstatter et al CITATION  argued that certain choices reviewed by birnbaum  CITATION  used gambles that differed in expected value ev"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"after providing a graphical description of the approaches and a mathematical proof of the direction of their effect on judgment, we briefly illustrate the potential value of these approaches with examples from qualitative research on prostate cancer treatment decisions"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"For example, when  SYMBOL  is a constraint language over the boolean set  SYMBOL  with four ternary predicates  SYMBOL ,  SYMBOL ,  SYMBOL ,  SYMBOL  we obtain 3-SAT"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"in its general form, the du theory proposes that the value of an option, x; t, is the product of its present utility, ux, and an exponential temporal discounting function, ft, where t is the time at which x is acquired"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"the prospect theory editing operation, by which a decision maker's reference point is determined, can have important effects on the disutility of the test"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"In this paper we derive the equations for Loop Corrected Belief Propagation on a continuous variable Gaussian model"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"self-control failure, famously termed akrasia in plato's protagoras  CITATION , persists throughout domains of daily life and represents a central issue of both philosophy and modern-day social sciences"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"This genome-scale reconstruction of E. coli's transcriptional and translational machinery presents a milestone in systems biology because it will enable quantitative integration of -omics datasets and thus the study of the mechanistic principles underlying the genotype phenotype relationship."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"however, when people evaluate their likelihood of success in competitions, they are subject to a robust bias: a competitor should consider the strengths and weaknesses of the self and the other competitors  CITATION , but people often give too much weight to evidence related to their own strengths and weaknesses and too little weight to such evidence about the competitor  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"experimental investigations of sex differences in spatial abilities yield apparently disparate results  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"typically, and in line with classic ideas of the conflict between reason and passion, authors view self-control as a \"cold\" executive function that guides behavior in the face of \"hot\" impulses to act against better judgment  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Third we ask, Which cassette exons are included differentially between brain and nonbrain tissues?"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"In Section~ we start with a brief discussion of related work"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Since there is such a diversity among different network types, we cannot accurately augment the AS-level topology with appropriate router-level topologies if we cannot characterize the composing ASes"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Regulated alternative splicing can create different protein coding sequences under different biological circumstances, allowing the production of functionally related but distinct proteins."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Typically the (instance,class) pairs are iid"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"furthermore, participants' trait ability to implement self-control strategies, measured by rosenbaum's  CITATION  psychometric scale, was positively associated with chips consumption for those who viewed the calendar without the grid and who were more likely to identify conflict, but not for others who viewed the calendar with and who were less likely to identify conflict"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Legacy data from over 500 publications and three databases were reviewed, and many pathways were considered, including stable RNA maturation and modification, protein complex formation, and iron sulfur cluster biogenesis."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"We examine splicing in these tissues by asking three questions."}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"First, typical central neurons express large numbers of ion channels and simulations must be repeated many times to obtain statistically valid descriptions CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"These structures are then analyzed through simulations based on the FORMULA model."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The rat IAPP variants with three proline residues maintain unstructured micelle-like oligomers, which is consistent with non-amyloidogenic behavior observed in experimental studies."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The majority of empirical investigation has focussed on place cells neurons whose firing rate is directly correlated with an animal's spatial location within the corresponding place field CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"loewenstein  CITATION  suggests that selfish behavior may be motivated by visceral urges or drive-states, resembling cravings for relief from hunger, pain, and sexual deprivation"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"table 1 illustrates an example of the multiple-dated outcomes problem, which would be used to test the cancellation axiom"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"descriptive accounts and empirical investigations of negotiation behavior  CITATION , however, suggest that a number of psychological barriers to conflict resolution are likely to make efficient deal making difficult  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Full documentation for PSICS/ICING as well as the software, source code and examples are available from the project website ."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"similar patterns of results have been observed in many other studies of frequency-related judgments  including the rate at which a particular letter occurs in various positions of words  CITATION   the quality of one's own memory  CITATION   the frequency of one's own past behaviors  CITATION   one's susceptibility to heart disease  CITATION  and one's susceptibility to sexual assault  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"this process has generally been demonstrated by asking participants to assess the relative likelihood of two categories in which instances of the first category are more difficult to recall than instances of the second category  despite the fact that instances of the first category are more common in the world"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"an as  node  can represent a wide variety of organizations  e g   large isp  or small private business  university  with vastly different network characteristics  external connectivity patterns  network growth tendencies  and other properties that we can hardly neglect while working on veracious internet representations in simulation environments"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"This class is characterized through molecular dynamics simulations."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Some proteins, such as SR proteins and the CELF proteins, have mostly activating roles, whereas others, such as hnRNP A1, PTB, and nPTB, have mostly repressing roles."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"results contradict the ph, even when ph is modified to include a preliminary similarity evaluation using the ph parameters"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"In Section , after giving a brief introduction to regression, we formally state LoRP for model selection"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"those researchers also used easy and difficult quizzes as shared-circumstance manipulations, but found virtually no reduction in sces after numerous rounds with feedback"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Neuronal activity is mediated through changes in the probability of stochastic transitions between open and closed states of ion channels."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Non-asymptotic versions of the randomized variety were proposed by Sandroni  CITATION  (based on standard measure-theoretic probability) and Vovk and Shafer  CITATION  (based on game-theoretic probability)"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"closest to our domain of inquiry, piovesan and wengstrom  CITATION  measured response times of participants in a repeated dictator game, lasting 24 periods"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"in general, people retaliate against injustice even if they are not directly victimized"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Moreover, up to 10 percent components in amyloid deposits from patient tissues were lipid molecules, indicating that the lipids can be uptaken from membranes and then wrapped into fibrillar amyloid CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Numerous studies have been published that investigate protein synthesis using kinetic models CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"We propose quantum effect  SYMBOL , which leads to a search strategy fit to clustering"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The proteins selected have no gaps in their structure determination and consist of no more than 250 amino acids."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The filters were thereby parameterized to match the spatial receptive field of band-limited, oriented and contrast sensitive neurons in the primary visual cortex CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"students completed a mid-course evaluation form in which they were asked to list either  NUMBER  ways in which the course could be improved a relatively easy task or  NUMBER  ways in which the course could be improved a relatively difficult task"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"These patients are particularly vulnerable to the many drug interactions CITATION and adverse metabolic, hematologic, neurologic, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal side effects that complicate HIV therapy and seriously undermine the success of clinical management CITATION CITATION ."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"After correcting for multiple testing, about 40 percent of the 6,216 total alternative splicing events examined were found to have more than one RNA form that was differentially expressed, indicating widespread tissue differences in splicing over the tissues."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Typically the (instance,class) pairs are iid"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"previous research has shown that feedback and experience from repeated-play competitions has a limited impact on sces"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"identification of factors that influence how and in what ways a person is susceptible to this heuristic should further the understanding of the process"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we  couple  this ibp with a hierarchical prior over the factors"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"however  as argued by ecuyer-dab and robert  CITATION    the selection of male characteristics depends on females' choice for mates"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"for every constraint language    it has been conjectured that   is either in p or np complete  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"While the intron sequences flanking these exons remain highly conserved among mammalian orthologs, the paralogous flanking intron sequences have diverged considerably, suggesting unusually complex evolution of the regulation of alternative splicing in multigene families."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"the results were analyzed with signal detection theory"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"That is, the two-part complexity with respect to the Bernoulli class  is  the shortest description, save for an additive constant"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Then for Bayes mixture prediction, the cumulative expected square loss is usually small but unbounded, growing with  SYMBOL , where  SYMBOL  is the sample size  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"that is, participants who viewed the calendar without the grid, more likely than those who viewed the calendar with, identified self-control conflict and therefore leveraged their self-control strategies to resist the tempting chips"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"tversky and kahneman  CITATION  pointed to the important role of  personal characteristics  of the decision maker in risky choice situations"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The latter may also be  applied to correct for an incidental large loop"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"So for both, Bayes mixtures and MDL, convergence with probability one holds, while the convergence speed is exponentially worse for MDL compared to the Bayes mixture"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we discuss the implications of these findings for the functions of altruistic sanctions"}
{"class.text":"BASE","text":"kakade and foster  CITATION  noticed that some calibration results require very little randomization  this will be an important aspect of our theorem"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Splicing is an essential process that constructs protein coding messenger RNA sequences using tiny segments of information buried in the much larger primary transcripts of the eukaryotic gene."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we believe that this dataset will serve as an invaluable addition to further understanding of the structure and evolution of the internet"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The acquirement of abundant intermediate states suggested two possible -sheet transition pathways."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we use a large set of data from the internet routing registries  irr   CITATION  and from routeviews  CITATION  to identify intrinsic differences between ases of different types"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"to make it applicable to real problems  we have to generalize it to continuous spaces and regularize infinite loss ranks"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"defensive forecasting is a method of transforming laws of probability  stated in game theoretic terms as strategies for sceptic  into forecasting algorithms"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The Minimum Description Length principle for online sequence estimation/prediction in a proper learning setup is studied"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"These studies provide guidance for future experiments on single molecule manipulation and should lead to selection of proteins for applications."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"It is eg  SYMBOL  if we additionally assume that the error is monotonically decreasing, which is not necessarily true in general)"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"critically, self-control strategies are relevant to the decision to indulge only when the individual has identified self-control conflict"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"since then, many new descriptive theories of risky choice have abandoned the maximization assumption  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"this might be partly due to the complexity of contemporary experimental designs  but also to a lack of investigations concerning decision-making processes involved in the selection of strategies"}
{"class.text":"MISC--for","text":"example, people may feel that the anticipated disutility of a colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening is great enough relative to the expected utilty of prevention of possible colorectal cancer to dissuade them from seeking colonoscopy"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The most crucial choice relates to making a decision about which interactions between amino acids count as native contacts."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We successfully classify ~95.3\\% of ASes with expected accuracy of ~78.1\\%"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Considering multiple copies of peptides needed due to the self-assembly nature of amyloid formation, various simplified representations of molecular systems using implicit solvent models were preferred rather than all-atom models."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"Here, using computer simulations of isolated polyQ peptides, we show that a mechanism of aggregation is the conformational transition in a single polyQ peptide chain from random coil to a parallel -helix."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"the current study investigates sex differences in basic behaviors like exploration  detection and discrimination involving the selection of strategies when coping with uncertainty"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"pairs of participants competed in, made predictions about, and received feedback on, multiple rounds of a throwing task involving both easy- and hard-to-aim objects"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"in this case  the proposed   locates   between   and"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"birnbaum  CITATION  reviewed a number of critical tests that refute any rank dependent utility rdu model  CITATION  including rank and sign-dependent utility  CITATION , cpt, and expected utility eu"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"clustering is one of the most popular methods in data mining"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"however, when people evaluate their likelihood of success in competitions, they are subject to a robust bias: a competitor should consider the strengths and weaknesses of the self and the other competitors  CITATION , but people often give too much weight to evidence related to their own strengths and weaknesses and too little weight to such evidence about the competitor  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The tradeoff between the need to suppress drug-resistant viruses and the problem of treatment toxicity has led to the development of various drug-sparing HIV-1 treatment strategies."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Many of them correspond to nucleic acids, complexes with nucleic acids and with other proteins, carbohydrates, or come with incomplete files and hence the much smaller number of proteins that could be used in the molecular dynamics studies."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"they find that presenting a calendar displaying the current month, with a grid separating the dates, raised participants' subsequent consumption of potato chips relative to that of participants whom were presented a calendar without a grid"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"in problem i, the additive models predict that adding a common element x at time 2 to both option a and option b would not change the preference orderings"}
{"class.text":"CONT","text":"However, while the assumption that transitions between open and closed states of ion channels can be treated as a deterministic process may be sufficient for some purposes, recent evidence suggests that stochastic transitions between the states of individual ion channels could influence computations carried out by neurons CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The failure of antiretroviral therapies to completely suppress viral replication in some patients represents a major difficulty in the management of HIV infection."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Recurrent neural network models of hippocampal mnemonic function have generally utilised rate-coded Hebbian learning rules to generate reciprocal associations between neurons with concurrently elevated firing rates CITATION, CITATION."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The nonparametric nature of our sparse IBP requires that the hierarchical prior  also  be nonparametric"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The need to minimize drug resistance while reducing treatment-related toxicities has engendered an interest in induction maintenance strategies, in which a period of intensified antiretroviral therapy is followed by a simplified long-term regimen CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"These findings have led to the hypothesis that the hippocampus operates using a dual coding system."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The convergence analysis of SVMStruct was improved to  SYMBOL  iterations by  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"In these individuals, treatment failure often occurs after an initial period of response to a new regimen, and is usually associated with the appearance of multiply drug-resistant viral strains."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"one may define regressor   directly  e g    average the   values of the   nearest neighbors  knn  of   in     or select the   from a class of functions   that has smallest  training  error on"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"in the current paper we investigate and extend research on fixed pie bias in the context of protracted intergroup conflict"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Several other species such as non-human primates CITATION, cats CITATION, raccoons CITATION, and rodent species can produce IAPP, but the primary sequence of IAPP varies slightly among species."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"It has been demonstrated  CITATION , that for both Bayes mixture and MDL, the proper learning assumption can be essential: If it is violated, then learning may fail very badly"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"this paper studies quantum annealing  qa  for clustering  which can be seen as an extension of simulated annealing  sa"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"For MDL predictions in the proper learning case, it has been shown  CITATION  that a bound of  SYMBOL  holds"}
{"class.text":"BASE","text":"Although our method, detailed in the following, relies on the same experimental structure by Huang et al. CITATION, it differs from that of Sander et al. in several respects, e.g. it deals with indels, and, perhaps most crucially, it uses as descriptors properties that directly determine interaction of V3 with the co-receptors."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"this phenomenon of being more optimistic when shared competitive circumstances are favorable than when they are not has been dubbed the shared-circumstance effect  CITATION , and it has been replicated across a variety of settings e g , general knowledge tasks, card games, athletic competitions"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"One possible way to circumvent the  SYMBOL  lower bound is to solve the problem in the dual"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"we test in the context of a dictator game the proposition that individuals may experience a self-control conflict between the temptation to act selfishly and the better judgment to act pro-socially"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Structure-based models of proteins, as pioneered by Go and his collaborators CITATION and used in several implementations CITATION CITATION, seem to be suited to this task especially well since they are defined in terms of the native structures away from which stretching is imposed."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"typically, and in line with classic ideas of the conflict between reason and passion, authors view self-control as a \"cold\" executive function that guides behavior in the face of \"hot\" impulses to act against better judgment  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"By demonstrating that neuronal responses to dendritic synaptic input can be intrinsically probabilistic, these results offer a new and general perspective on synaptic integration by central neurons."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The appearance of polyglutamine -containing aggregates CITATION CITATION is a hallmark of disease progression in all diseases in which CAG-expansions occur in genes CITATION."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Regularized risk minimization with the binary hinge loss and its variants lies at the heart of many machine learning problems"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"We created a more detailed, gene-specific representation of the transcriptional and translational processes, which explicitly accounts for the sequence-specific synthesis of DNA, mRNA, and proteins."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"We prove novel and distinct stability-based generalization bounds for stationary  SYMBOL -mixing and  SYMBOL -mixing sequences"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"By the Kraft inequality, the priors sum up to at most one"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"previous research on anchoring has shown this heuristic to be a very robust psychological phenomenon ubiquitous across many domains of human judgment and decision-making"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"If we agree that programs are binary strings, then a prior is defined by two to the negative description length"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"however, in this paper, we suggest that competitive situations, in which the shared difficulty or easiness of the task is more transparent, will be more amenable to debiasing via repeated play"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"for a review of this literature see schwarz  CITATION"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The piecewise linear lower bound is successively tightened until the gap     falls below a predefined tolerance  SYMBOL"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"evolutionary mechanisms could potentially account for sex differences in spatial behavior"}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"Moreover, it is relatively robust against insertions and deletions, which frequently occur in V3."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"we prove novel and distinct stability based generalization bounds for stationary   mixing and   mixing sequences"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"The survey to determine FORMULA in 7510 model proteins with the number of amino acids, FORMULA, not exceeding 150 and 239 longer proteins has been accomplished twice."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"The filters were thereby parameterized to match the spatial receptive field of band-limited, oriented and contrast sensitive neurons in the primary visual cortex CITATION CITATION."}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"The purpose of the present study is to examine this property in greater detail and to specifically elucidate the implication of internal face features."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"an as taxonomy is also necessary for mapping ip addresses to different types of users"}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Most such trials have yielded higher failure rates in the treatment group than in controls receiving conventional therapy."}
{"class.text":"MISC","text":"Estimation of these pair cumulants is possible with extra runs of BP, allowing for new polynomial time algorithms, reducing errors to order  SYMBOL   when applying algorithms of which running time scales with an extra factor  of  SYMBOL   CITATION"}
{"class.text":"AIMX","text":"We introduce and validate new computational tools that enable efficient generation and simulation of models containing stochastic ion channels distributed across dendritic and axonal membranes."}
{"class.text":"OWNX","text":"an alternative application might be to a collaborative filtering problem  in which case our genes might correspond to movies  our samples might correspond to users and our pathways might correspond to genres"}